Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: We present the LIGO A$^\sharp$ detector concept, an upgrade for the LIGO observatories based on room-temperature interferometers beyond the fifth observing run (O5). Building on the A+ sensitivity, A$^\sharp$ targets broadband sensitivity improvements through heavier test masses, improved suspensions and seismic isolation, increased arm-cavity power, enhanced frequency-dependent squeezing, reduced coating thermal noise considering two scenarios, and improved control of mechanical motion and optical modes. We describe the principal design choices, projected noise performance, and corresponding astrophysical prospects. LIGO A$^\sharp$ substantially increases compact-binary detection rates, strengthens population inference, and improves both early-warning times and localization for binary neutron star mergers. The improved sensitivity enables more detailed studies of compact-binary coalescences, including higher-order multipoles, intermediate-mass black holes, remnant black hole ringdown, and the neutron star equation of state. It also broadens the discovery potential for new gravitational-wave sources such as continuous waves and bursts, should enable detection of the stochastic background from compact binary mergers if it remains undetected after O5, and strengthens the role of gravitational-wave detectors as probes of fundamental physics. We discuss key technical challenges and the role of A$^\sharp$ as both a major scientific upgrade for the 2030s and a technology pathfinder for next-generation gravitational-wave observatories, such as Cosmic Explorer.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Sun, L., Kuns, K., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Fritschel, P., Schmidt, P., Lantz, B. T., Chua, S. S. Y., Divyajyoti, Ballmer, S. W., Barton, M. A., Cumming, A. V., Dooley, K. L., Driggers, J. C., Effler, A., Evans, M., Farr, B., González, G., Lu, N., Ottaway, D. J., Palomba, C., Piccinni, O. J., Pratten, G., Raja, S., Subhash, A. P., Sutton, P. J., Toland, K., Ward, R. L., Abac, A. G., Abouelfettouh, I., Ackley, K., Adam, A., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, D., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Afroz, S., Agathos, M., Aggarwal, N., Aggarwal, S., Aguiar, O. D., Ajith, P., Albers, L., Al-Kershi, S., Al-Shammari, S., Alvarez, J. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amarasinghe, O., Amato, A., An, S., Anand, A. B., Anand, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrey, J. L., Andric, T., Anglin, J., Anna, J., Antelis, J. M., da Conceição, L. V., Aoki, T., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appelt, E. A., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arevalo, M. Ramos, Armstrong, S., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Ashton, G., Aston, S. M., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Avila, E. A., Badger, C., Bae, S., Baker, K. A., Baker, T., Ball, M., Banagiri, S., Bankar, D., Baptiste, T. M., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Baric, K., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barman, N., Barr, B., Barrios, M., Barsotti, L., Bartos, I., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard, P. A., II, Becher, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Bell, A. S., Bellie, D. S., Benoit, W., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Beroiz, M., Berry, C. P. L., Berry, I., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, A., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhattacharyya, S., Bhaumik, S., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Blaber, S., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bode, N., Boettner, N., Bogdan, P., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bonavena, L. D., Bonhomme, V. A., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Borchers, A., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boybeyi, T. D., Boyle, M., Brady, M. J., Brady, P. R., Branch, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bu, Y., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Byer, R. L., Cáceres-Barbosa, V. A., Cadonati, L., Cahillane, C., Calafat, A., Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Callos, S. R., Cantory, V., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capote, E., Capuano, C., Cardona-Martínez, K. J., Carlassara, M., Carrilero, J. Yébana, Carrillo, G., Carullo, G., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Ceja, A., Chabbra, N., Chakraborty, A., Chakraborty, P., Chakraborty, S., Chan, C., Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chang, K., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chen, A., Chen, H. Y., Chen, S., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yiwen, Cheng, G., Cheng, H. P., Cheunchitra, T., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. 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Ben, Yamamoto, H., Yan, T., Yang, H., Yang, K. Z., Yarbrough, Z., Yelikar, A. B., Yin, X., Yoshihara, M., Yuan, S., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, H., Zhang, L., Zhang, N., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhao, C., Zhao, Y., Zheng, L. -M., Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, H., Zhu, H. O., Zhu, Z., Zieba, D. Z., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., Arès, R., Carter, J. J., Madden, S. J., McKenzie, K., Rees, E. R., Shapiro, B.
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya, Leverhulme Trust, Scottish Funding Council, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, National Research Foundation, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Generalitat de Catalunya, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, National Research Foundation of Korea, Israel Science Foundation, Ministry of Education, India, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Russian Science Foundation, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, National Science and Technology Council, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Science and Engineering Research Board, Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Division of Human Resource Development, Nuclear Physics
Awards: G1105844351, G1175115578, G1275292511, G1276699930, CAREER: Education and Discovery in Astrophysics with Gravitational Waves, G1609255170, G1622782223, Gravitational wave science at the University of Birmingham, G2064873908, G2262748287, G2274405149, G22822835, G2351498177, G2462415295, G2469010403, G2756433129, G3005324705, G300979063, G3367111595, G340385377, G34346518, G3452655474, G3480869486, G3538861536, G3546882995, The next-generation gravitational-wave observatory network, G3873161685, G387506447, G4059579084, G410571670, G4228227490, G425668148, G451917667, G4526231891, G4702978810, G491712853, G5080475149, G5180915604, G5214637101, Exploring the Gravitational-wave Universe, G5404395142, G5464872802, G5539308778, G5560776957, G5635532810, G5662792045, G5698939768, G5967599077, G6033112984, G624877701, G6344031981, Launching the Cosmic Explorer Conceptual Design, G6656126374, G6687049611, G6769668157, G69051668, G7084143925, G7222587828, G7395345766, G7429010328, G7651771604, The Implementation of Positive Duties to Protect Under Art. 8 ECHR in Private Law Employment Relationships under Swiss Law, New rechargeable metal-water and metal-air batteries: fundamental science & feasibility, G7805626310, G7863371703, G8159266686, Collaborative Research: Cosmic Explorer Optical Design, G8497050386, G8522895693, G8637226926, G8667377315, The next-generation gravitational-wave observatory network, G929308097
OpenAlex ID: W7202349150
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