Computational simulations of potential Pachycrocuta bite damage based on a ~1.2 Ma ravaged hippopotamus femur from Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Granada, Spain)
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Understanding the behaviour and interactions of extinct carnivoran species present a significant challenge in archaeological and palaeontological research, often limited by numerous constraints in the fossil record. Here we analyse a hippopotamus femur that presents extensive damage by carnivorans, recovered from the open-air site Fuente Nueva 3 (∼1.2 Ma, Orce, Granada, Spain). Given the extent of furrowing, the potential agents known in the palaeolandscape, and a number of additional theoretical features, we believe this bone to have been consumed by an extinct species of giant hyena; Pachycrocuta brevirostris . Leveraging the use of advanced microscopic techniques to digitise the tooth marks observed on this specimen in three dimensions, the present study utilises artificially intelligent algorithms to then simulate the possible morphological variability of this carnivoran. This allows us to propose a characterisation of Pachycrocuta brevirostris tooth pit morphology, so as to construct a proposal for a diagnostic reference sample of this species. If our findings are correct, they underscore the importance tooth mark size has on identifying the activity of Pachycrocuta , revealing the giant hyena to have produced remarkably large, deep, and circular tooth pits on dense cortical bone.
Source: Peer Community Journal
Institutions: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Universidad de Granada, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, University of Helsinki, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Language: English
Subfield: Anthropology
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Funders: Centres de Recerca de Catalunya, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Université de Bordeaux, Universidad de Granada, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Junta de Andalucía, Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Awards: G1092424111, G1175115578, G1401168639, G1855990336, G2038104832, G2064873908, G2065685387, G2262748287, G2309174360, G2462415295, G252646220, G2660406951, G288263039, G294895050, G3005324705, G300979063, G3252294556, G3461529875, G3470217882, G3480869486, G3518538256, G3546882995, A transdisciplinary exploration of the Acheulean through bone surface modifications and the cutting implements that produced them, G4228227490, G425668148, G430777504, G4719648116, G5080475149, G5421974903, G5852091828, G6656126374, G7084143925, G771542623, G787121397, G8522095481, G8575141037, G897484643, G99296377
OpenAlex ID: W7203820272