Work

Pathogenesis and treatment of extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma: current status, challenges and opportunities

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Extramedullary disease (EMD) represents an aggressive manifestation of multiple myeloma (MM) in which malignant plasma cells acquire the ability to survive independently of the bone marrow microenvironment. Based on the site of involvement, EMD is classified into extramedullary bone related (EMB) that partially depends on the bone marrow, and extramedullary extraosseous (EME) that spreads through bloodstream. EMD can affect any tissue or organ and is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with MM. The underlying pathogenesis of EMD remains incompletely understood, and no standardized treatment approach has been established to date. This review integrates recent advances in the molecular pathogenesis of EMD with emerging immunotherapeutic strategies, particularly CAR-T cell-based therapies, and discusses the major translational challenges and future directions for improving the management of EMD.

Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

DOI: 10.1007/s00432-026-06589-4

Authors: Ruijun Dong, Tianyu Huang, Wenxiang Zhang, HongXia Li, Aili He, Rui Liu

Institution: Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University

Language: English

Topic: Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments

Subfield: Hematology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $4,390