SIMPATHY Study: Specific Antibody Response to Typhim Vi Polysaccharide as a Surrogate Marker of Infectious Risk in Secondary Immunodeficiency Associated with B Cell Cancer
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Recurrent and severe infections represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality of secondary immunodeficiency (SID) associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative syndromes (B-CLPD). Nevertheless, immunological evaluation and prophylactic interventions are often delayed until infectious complications occur. Early vaccination is therefore relevant not only because it provides protection during the initial phases of B-CLPD, but also because it enables the identification of patients at higher risk of infection. In this context, assessment of antigen-specific humoral response has been proposed as a useful biomarker for identifying patients with greater clinical vulnerability. We conducted SIMPATHY (Secondary Immunodeficiency Multicentric study on the Antibody Production to Typhi vaccine), a multicentre, retrospective, observational study including 128 individuals with B-CLPD, classified according to the presence or absence of severe and/or recurrent infections, as well as healthy controls. Specific IgG antibody responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae (13-valent conjugate, Prevenar), Salmonella typhi (Typhim Vi), and tetanus toxoid vaccines were assessed at baseline and 4-weeks after vaccination. Among 128 individuals analysed, patients with B-CLPD showed significant immunological and clinical differences compared to healthy controls, particularly in vaccine-specific antibody responses and lymphocyte subsets. B-CLPD patients with recurrent or severe infections exhibited markedly reduced pre-vaccination anti-pneumococcal ( p = 0.03) and post-vaccination anti-pneumococcal ( p = 0.001) and anti- Salmonella typhi Vi titers ( p = 0.1), highlighting impaired vaccine-specific antibody responses as potential predictors of infection risk. An immunological classification identified two subgroups within B-CLPD, predominant antibody defect and combined immune defect, with a trend toward higher respiratory infection rates in the latter, suggesting broader immune dysfunction.
Source: Journal of Clinical Immunology
Authors: Alejandro Peixoto-Rodriguez, Josefa Melero, Ana de Andrés, Eduardo López-Granados, Romina Dieli-Crimi, Adolfo Jiménez-Huete, Rodrigo Bailey-Maldonado, Carlos Jiménez, Elsa Mayol-Hornero, Cristina Cuesta-Mínguez, Aránzazu Rodríguez-Sanz, María Guzmán-Fulgencio, Juliana Ochoa-Grullón, Ascensión Peña-Cortijo, Marta Polo Zarzuela, Belén Íñigo, Marta Mateo Morales, Eduardo Anguita-Mandly, Miguel Fernández-Arquero, Celina Benavente-Cuesta, José Luis Lavandera-Díaz, Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
Institutions: Universidad San Pablo CEU, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
Language: English
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,990
Funder: Grifols
OpenAlex ID: W7203831536
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