Affective Repertoires and Motivation in L2 and L3 Learning: An AI ‐Augmented Mixed Methods Study
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: This study investigates the enjoyment, anxiety, and motivation of Turkish high school learners in L2 English and L3 Spanish foreign language classes using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Quantitative data were collected from 115 students using the Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE), Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA), and Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) scales. Findings showed significantly higher enjoyment and anxiety in Spanish, while English elicited greater motivation. To explore the deeper underlying causes, focus group interviews were analyzed through AI‐assisted Sentiment Analysis (SA), followed by thematic analysis. SA enabled efficient pre‐clustering of learner statements by emotional polarity and supported integration through merging. Qualitative findings revealed an affect‐motivation mismatch: Spanish was more enjoyable due to creative pedagogy but triggered anxiety linked to low proficiency; English was less engaging but perceived as essential for future goals. Methodologically, the study illustrates the value of combining traditional and AI‐assisted tools in ELT research. Drawing on Pavlenko's sociocognitive view of emotion, the study emphasizes that each language has its own affective repertoires and reveals the language‐specific dynamics of multilingual learners' emotional investment in additional foreign languages. The findings demonstrate the central role of affect in foreign language learning processes and show that each language can create distinct emotional profiles in multilingual contexts.
Source: TESOL Quarterly
DOI: 10.1002/tesq.70213
Authors: Özge Kuru, Esra Meşe, Derin Atay, Ertürk Erdağı
Language: English
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
SDG: Quality education
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7204100350