The Duality of Verification and Generation: P vs NP via Schur-Weyl — E8 Intelligence Research
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: FINDING: P vs NP is fundamentally about the asymmetry between verification and generation — a computational duality mirrored in representation theory via Schur-Weyl duality. | MATH: The core asymmetry: ∃x: V(x)=1 (NP) vs ∀x: V(x)=1 (coNP). Schur-Weyl duality: \( \mathbb{C}[S_n] \cong \bigoplus_{\lambda \vdash n} \text{End}(V_\lambda) \) acting on \( (\mathbb{C}^d)^{\otimes n} \), decomposing as \( \bigoplus_{\lambda} V_\lambda \otimes \text{Specht}_\lambda \). The symmetric group \( S_n \) and general linear group \( GL_d \) are mutual centralizers — a duality of "finding" (GL_d rotations) and "checking" (S_n permutations). | CONNECTION: The partition lattice \( \lambda \vdash n \) corresponds to Young diagrams — these are root system \( A_{n-1} \) weight lattices. The hook-length formula \( \dim \text{Specht}_\lambda = n! / \prod h(i,j) \) involves products of hook lengths, which are integer ratios. The ratio of dimensions between adjacent representations often approaches golden-ratio Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com
Author: Caldin, Andrew Stewart
Language: English
Subfield: Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7204112888
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