Work

Multifaceted neuroprotection of ginsenosides: Mechanisms, nano-delivery advances, and therapeutic potential in central nervous system disorders

Year: 2026

Type: review

Abstract: Background: , possess multi-target neuroprotective properties but exhibit low bioavailability. Purpose: This review synthesizes current evidence on ginsenoside mechanisms and evaluates the role of nanotechnology in enhancing their delivery and efficacy for CNS disorders. Study design: A systematic search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Google Scholar (2015-present). Included studies investigated ginsenosides in neurological disease models and nano-formulation strategies. Results: Ginsenosides modulate neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis through pathways involving NF-κB, Nrf2, and Bcl-2/Bax. Nano-delivery systems-such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and biomimetic vesicles-significantly improve ginsenoside stability, BBB traversal, and brain-targeted accumulation. Functionalization with ligands (e.g., Angiopep-2) or cell membranes further enhances specificity and therapeutic outcomes in ischemic stroke, glioma, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury models. Conclusion: Nanotechnology-based delivery systems potently augment the neuroprotective potential of ginsenosides, offering a promising strategy for multi-target CNS therapy. Future efforts should focus on translational safety, scalable production, and clinical validation.

Source: Journal of Ginseng Research

DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101149