Association between motor subtypes and longitudinal trajectories of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibits considerable heterogeneity in both motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS), yet the longitudinal trajectories of NMS across motor subtypes remain poorly characterized. A total of 1384 PD patients were classified as tremor-dominant (TD, n = 935) or non-tremor-dominant (non-TD, n = 449). Cross-sectional associations between motor subtypes and NMS (ESS, REM, GDS, STAI, SCOPA-AUT, MoCA) were examined using multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, age at onset, race, body mass index (BMI), education, striatal binding ratio, Hoehn-Yahr stage, and UPDRS-III score. Longitudinal trajectories over up to 14 years were identified using latent class trajectory modeling, and associations with motor subtypes were assessed via logistic regression. Non-TD subtype was independently associated with higher baseline scores on ESS (β = 1.23), REM (β = 0.74), GDS (β = 1.10), STAI-total (β = 4.55), STAI-state (β = 1.86), STAI-trait (β = 2.69), and SCOPA-AUT (β = 2.18; all p < 0.01), but not with MoCA (p = 0.929). Latent class analyses identified distinct NMS trajectories. Non-TD subtype was associated with significantly higher odds of unfavorable trajectories for ESS (OR = 1.64), REM (OR = 1.39), STAI-total (OR = 1.58), STAI-trait (OR = 1.72), STAI-state (OR = 1.48), GDS (OR = 2.43 for highest vs. lowest class), and SCOPA-AUT (OR = 3.29; all p < 0.01). The non-tremor-dominant motor subtype is independently associated with more severe baseline NMS and adverse longitudinal trajectories of sleep, mood, and autonomic dysfunction. These findings identify non-TD patients as a high-risk phenotype warranting targeted NMS monitoring.
Source: Scientific Reports
Authors: Wen Zhou, Tianfang Zeng, Duan Liu, Ruijuan Pang
Institutions: Sichuan University, Chengdu Second People's Hospital
Language: English
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,690
Funders: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, Sanofi, Biogen, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Celgene, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine Biosciences, Verily Life Sciences, Voyager Therapeutics, General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Servier, H. Lundbeck A/S, Sun Pharma, Fujian Medical University, Genentech, Allergan, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals
OpenAlex ID: W7204194097
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