Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Kelly and Wendel reported the first successful intervention for idiopathic full-thickness macular holes in 1991. Since then, pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling have become the standard treatment approach, with >90% hole closure rates. However, the results were not satisfactory in cases of complicated macular holes, including large, recurrent, refractory, and myopic macular holes. To date, several surgical approaches, including the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique, autologous retinal transplantation, the human amniotic membrane plug, and the autologous Tenon's capsule plug, have been described by various authors to improve the anatomical and functional outcomes of challenging cases. Although these techniques have significantly increased hole closure rates, each technique has its own strengths and weaknesses. Currently, there is no consensus among vitreoretinal surgeons on a single ideal technique for treating challenging macular holes. In this review, the inventors of each innovative surgical technique will discuss the indications, pros and cons, complications, and anticipated future applications.
Source: Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology
Institutions: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, Neuroscience Institute, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, National Research Council, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Bursa City Hospital, Kafkas University, Oakland University, Associated Retinal Consultants
Language: English
Topic: Retinal and Macular Surgery
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7204266741