An Integrated, Time-Based Assessment of Motor Performance in Young Adults: Test–Retest Reliability and Group Differences in HOLMOT
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the test–retest reliability of the Holistic Motor Competence Test (HOLMOT) and examine sex- and age-related differences in HOLMOT section and total completion times in young adults. Methods: A total of 333 participants, aged 18–29 years, completed HOLMOT, which integrates cognitive–motor, locomotor, and manipulative tasks. Section completion times and overall test time were recorded. A subsample of 198 participants completed the test twice with a one-week interval to assess reliability. Results: Men exhibited significantly shorter completion times than women in all HOLMOT sections and in Total Time (all p < .001). No statistically significant age-group differences were detected, although the small 24–29-year group ( n = 40) limits interpretation. Test–retest reliability was good to excellent (ICC = 0.806–0.906), despite significant learning effects in the Cognitive–Motor and Manipulative sections and Total Time, suggesting that a separate familiarization session is required for accurate baseline measurement. Bland–Altman analyses revealed small mean biases, although heteroscedasticity in the Locomotor Section indicated greater test–retest variability among faster performers. Conclusion: These findings provide initial evidence for the test–retest reliability of HOLMOT and support its feasibility for assessing integrated, time-based motor performance, although its broader validity remains to be established.
Source: Perceptual and Motor Skills
Institutions: Universidad de Jaén, Universidad de Zaragoza
Language: English
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7204434988