Work

Awareness and use of oral tobacco and nicotine products among people who smoke or recently stopped smoking: descriptive findings from the 2024 EASE/ITC New Zealand survey

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Introduction Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) disallows sales of oral tobacco and nicotine products, although importation for personal use is permitted. The government proposes legalizing sales, claiming this will aid smoking cessation among “older, long-term smokers.” We examined awareness and use of tobacco-free oral nicotine products (ONPs), snus, and other oral tobacco products among adults who smoke or who recently stopped smoking. Methods We analyzed Wave 5 (2024) data from the EASE/International Tobacco Control (ITC) NZ Survey (N = 1371) of adults who smoke or recently stopped smoking. We examined prevalence of awareness, ever, and current (at least monthly) use of oral tobacco and nicotine products, overall and by demographic factors and smoking status/cessation intentions. Results Awareness was 41.3% (95% confidence interval 37.7, 45.0) for ONPs, 31.5% (28.1, 35.2) for snus, and 70.2% (66.6, 73.5) for other oral tobacco products. Ever use was 12.5% (10.5, 14.8), 7.0% (5.5, 8.8), and 11.6% (9.6, 14.0), respectively. Current use was 4.1% (3.1, 5.6), 2.4% (1.5, 3.6), and 2.6% (1.9, 3.7), respectively. Weighted point estimates for awareness and use of snus and any oral product overall were lower among adults aged ≥45 than those aged 18–24 or 25–44. Current use of oral products was 5.8% (3.3, 10.1) among those who smoked daily with no intention to stop. Conclusions Current policy settings allow meaningful levels of oral product use in NZ. Use is uncommon among adults aged ≥45 years and occurs among people without cessation intentions, highlighting the risk that use may complement rather than replace smoking. Implications Our findings are consistent with international evidence that recent growth in oral product use is concentrated among younger age groups, use is uncommon among older age groups and often occurs alongside, rather than instead of, other tobacco product use. Together, this evidence calls into question the policy rationale that legalizing these products in NZ will primarily support smoking cessation among older adults. A plausible concern is that legalization could increase poly-use of tobacco and nicotine products and further concentrate uptake among younger people (most of whom do not smoke), particularly given youth-oriented marketing observed on social media.

Source: Nicotine & Tobacco Research

DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntag190