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Enhanced Transient Stability and Grid Power Quality of a Solar PV Based DC Microgrid Using Hybrid Energy Storage under Pulsed Loads

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This paper presents a grid-connected DC microgrid incorporating a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) comprising a battery energy storage system (BESS) and a supercapacitor (SC) for enhanced transient stability and power quality under pulsed-load conditions. The proposed system integrates a photovoltaic (PV) source, BESS, SC, DC loads, and a voltage source converter (VSC) for controlled power exchange with the utility grid. The BESS supplies the low-frequency and sustained power component, while the SC compensates for high-frequency power fluctuations and rapid pulsed-load transients. A bidirectional converter is employed to control the power exchange of the HESS with the DC bus, while the grid-side VSC regulates the DC-bus voltage and transfers excess power to the utility grid through an LC filter. The proposed control strategy reduces DC-bus voltage fluctuations, limits battery current transients, and improves the dynamic response of the microgrid during sudden load and renewable-power variations. In addition, the SC mitigates rapid disturbances reaching the grid-side converter, thereby improving the quality of the grid current and reducing total harmonic distortion (THD). The effectiveness of the proposed HESS-based grid-connected DC microgrid is evaluated under constant and pulsed-load operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrate improved DC-bus voltage regulation, reduced transient deviations, lower battery current stress, and enhanced grid-current quality compared with a conventional BESS-based DC microgrid. The proposed configuration provides a reliable and resilient solution for renewable-integrated grid-connected DC microgrids subjected to dynamic and pulsed power demands.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22120036
Language: English
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7204468325
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