Work

Incidence Rate and Factors Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen Change among Adult HIV Patients at Ngoerah Hospital Bali, Indonesia

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic remains a major global health concern. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved survival rates, regimen changes during long-term treatment are common and may impact clinical outcomes. Data regarding the incidence rate and determinants of ART regimen changes among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Bali, Indonesia, remain limited. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included adult PLHIV receiving ART at Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia, from July 2004 to December 2023. A total of 265 eligible patients were selected through systematic random sampling. Multivariable Cox Regression was used to identify factors associated with regimen change. RESULTS: =0.005) were significantly associated with regimen change. In addition, most regimen changes (87.3%) occurred after more than ten years of treatment. The primary reasons for regimen change were treatment failure (36.6%), medication stockout (23.9%), and adverse effects (21.1%). CONCLUSION: NVP-based regimens and low baseline CD4 counts were key factors of regimen change. Continuous monitoring, timely detection of treatment failure, and the use of more durable regimens are essential to improve long-term treatment outcomes for the HIV patients in our outpatient clinic in Bali, Indonesia.

Source: Infection and Chemotherapy

DOI: 10.3947/ic.2026.0006

Authors: I Ketut Agus Somia, I Made Susila Utama, Anak Agung Ayu Yuli Gayatri, Ni Made Dewi Dian Sukmawati, Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi

Institution: Udayana University

Language: English

Topic: HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment

Subfield: Infectious Diseases

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $200