A cadaveric study of anatomical variations of the superior thyroid artery and its spatial relationship with the external laryngeal nerve in a tertiary care center in South Kerala
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Background: Surgical procedures involving the anterior part of the neck require a precise understanding of the anatomy of the superior thyroid artery (STA) and its proximity to the external laryngeal nerve (ELN) to avoid iatrogenic complications. This study investigates the anatomical variations of the STA and its spatial relationship with the ELN. Aims and Objective: To study the anatomical variations of the STA and its spatial relationship with the ELN. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 cadaveric neck specimens. The origin, diameter, and length of the STA were documented, and its topographic relationship with the ELN at the superior thyroid pole was classified. Results: The STA was identified in all 50 specimens, originating from the external carotid artery in 64% of cases and directly from the common carotid bifurcation in 36%. The mean length of the STA was 4.81±1.22 cm, and the mean diameter was 5.5±1.45 mm. Variations in the spatial proximity of the ELN to the superior pole vessels demonstrated highly unpredictable courses across the evaluated specimens. Conclusion: Varied origins of the STA and its complex spatial relationship with the ELN are common. Detailed anatomical knowledge and individual ligation of the terminal branches close to the thyroid capsule are crucial to minimize hemorrhage and preserve laryngeal function.
Language: English
Subfield: Surgery
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $200
OpenAlex ID: W7204716610
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