Work

Compressive strength evaluation of shell- and lime-modified earth using recycled cockle shell additive and particle packing

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This article investigates the compressive strength of shell- and lime-modified earth, using sandy limestone as the case study material. Reframed as a feasibility pilot investigation, recycled cockle shells are utilized as a sustainable mineral filler. This methodology implements a dual-strategy framework. First, a granular gradient, guided by the Fuller-Thompson target gradient model, refines particle packing and contributes to physical matrix density. Second, fine recycled cockle shell powder is proposed to function as a physical micro-filler to refine particle grading and affect compaction behavior. Experimental results yield a peak unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 2.98 ± 0.21 MPa at the conclusion of the 90-day primary curing interval, demonstrating feasibility for moderate-strength earthen applications with a comparable estimated embodied-carbon profile.

Source: Results in Engineering

DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.112752

Author: Hazem Abuorf

Institutions: University of Palestine, Delft University of Technology

Language: English

Topic: Hygrothermal properties of building materials

Subfield: Building and Construction

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,940