Rotational Patterns of Maxillary Central Incisors and First Molars and Their Association with Missing Teeth in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Objective: To determine the patterns of rotations of the central incisors and molars in maxilla, on cleft and non-cleft sites, in unilateral cleft lip and palate, and to investigate the impact of missing teeth on these rotations.Methods: A total number of 200 unilateral cleft lip and palate children, aged 7-10 years with completely erupted permanent central incisors and first molars in maxilla, prior to alveolar bone grafting and orthodontic treatment were incorporated. Patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate, syndromic cleft conditions, incomplete records, or fractured teeth on the casts were excluded. This cross-sectional study was carried out using a non-probability convenience sampling in the department of orthodontics, from December 2020, to January 2024. A horizontal line (HL) from buccal groove of right 1st molar to left 1st molar was drawn on the photographs of the maxillary cast. A perpendicular was made at the middle of this HL and angles between distal and mesial line angles of incisal edge were measured. To evaluate molars rotations; angles were measured between tangent connecting its disto-buccal and mesio-buccal cusps and the HL.Results: Missing lateral incisors were observed in 85.0% of patients. On the cleft side, 65.0% of maxillary central incisors exhibited disto-labial rotation, while 84.0% of first molars demonstrated mesio-palatal rotation. No significant association was found between missing teeth and incisor rotation (p = 0.979) or molar rotation (p = 0.267) on the cleft side. However, rotation patterns differed significantly between the cleft and non-cleft sides for both incisors (p < 0.001) and molars (p < 0.001), indicating marked asymmetry.Conclusion: The most frequently missing tooth on the cleft site was lateral incisor and patterns of rotation in maxillary central incisors and first molars in unilateral cleft lip and palate were significantly influenced by the cleft side rather than the missing teeth
DOI: 10.58397/a9xgpt78
Institution: Dow University of Health Sciences
Language: English
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7204946729