Secondhand Cannabis Smoke Exposure: Prevalence, Personal Use, and Neurocognitive Trajectories Over Time in Adolescents in the United States
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Background As cannabis policy changes in the United States, secondhand cannabis smoke (SCS) is increasingly common, including within families. However, prevalence of exposure and clinical correlates over time in adolescents are not fully understood. Objectives (1) To estimate the prevalence of SCS and personal cannabis use in US-based teens exposed to SCS, and (2) examine the cognitive trajectories of adolescents exposed to SCS compared to non- exposed peers. Methods Data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study was used. Participants (n=11,316 of full cohort with follow-up data; n=776 with self-reported family SCS exposure) attended yearly visits from ages 11-17, completing substance use interviews, toxicological testing, and the NIH Toolbox Cognitive battery. Youth with SCS but no personal cannabis use (n=419; 47% female) were matched on prenatal substance exposure, family substance use history, and sociodemographics to non- SCS exposed and non-cannabis-using youth with a 1:2 ratio (Controls n=838). Linear mixed-effects models assessed cognitive performance by SCS*age interactions, accounting for random effects of subject and family. Covariates included sex and alcohol, nicotine, and other substance use. Secondary models analyzed performance by cumulative waves of reported SCS exposure interacting with age. Results Of the full cohort, 6.9% (n=776) reported exposure to SCS. Of these individuals, 46% endorsed lifetime personal cannabis use by age 17, relative to 20% of non-SCS exposed youth (OR=3.83[95%CI:3.29,4.44]). Within matched participants, SCS*age demonstrated a significant interaction on attention and inhibitory control (β=-0.32, p =.028), with SCS demonstrating reduced improvement over time. More waves of exposure were also associated with worse performance over time (β=-0.39, p =.057). Discussion Almost half of those who had been exposed to SCS endorsed personal cannabis use. Cognitive findings were domain specific, similar to findings in secondhand tobacco: SCS exposed youth showed restricted improvement in attention and inhibitory control by age 17. Public health and policymakers should make efforts to curb youth SCS exposure, given the potential for risk which has not been fully explored to date.
Source: medRxiv
Language: English
Subfield: Pharmacology (medical)
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: 20/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT VCU, 3/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT U MINNESOTA, 4/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT FIU, 7/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT YALE, 15/21 ABCD-USA Consortium: Research Project Site at LIBR, 16/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER, ABCD-USA Consortium: Coordinating Center, 10/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT SRI, 12/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT U PITTSBURGH, 19/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT UVM, 1/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT U UTAH, 11/21 ABCD-USA Consortium: Research Project Site at UWM, ABCD-USA Consortium: Data Analysis, Informatics and Resource Center, 13/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT MUSC, 5/21 ABCD-USA Consortium: Research Project Site at UC San Diego, 18/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, 14/21 ABCD-USA Consortium: Research Project Site at CU Boulder
OpenAlex ID: W7206158876