Virgo Filaments VIII: Characterizing the Structural Parameters of Virgo Galaxies with Machine Learning to Probe Environmental Quenching
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: A persistent challenge in galaxy evolution involves disentangling the many correlated properties in order to isolate the effects of a galaxy's environment on its star formation history. To address this multidimensionality problem, we apply k-means clustering to 2831 galaxies in the extended regions around the Virgo cluster to define objective, reproducible subsets of structurally similar galaxies. Using measurements of size, light distribution, and stellar mass, k-means partitions these galaxies into three feature classes (FCs): dwarfs, spheroids, and large disks. In addition to being structurally different, these FCs show distinct offsets from the star-forming main sequence to $>3σ$ significance, with the spheroid population systematically shifted to lower star formation rates. Examining environmental dependence within each FC, we find that denser environments are associated with progressively stronger quenching. However, star formation for the dwarf and large disk galaxies is not strongly affected until the rich group and cluster environments. For the spheroid galaxies, star formation instead smoothly decreases as environment density increases. We verify that these trends are not driven by differences in Sersic index within each environment, suggesting that the effectiveness of environmental quenching depends on the galaxy's structural class. Our results speak to the utility of a simple machine learning model to create broad classes of structurally similar galaxies based on a small set of parameters, which has important implications for navigating this data rich era of astronomy.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Institutions: University of Kansas, Union College, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, National Institute for Astrophysics, University of Arizona, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Collège de France, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Trieste Astronomical Observatory, University of Milano-Bicocca, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, University of Pennsylvania, Ohio State University, California Institute of Technology, University of Chicago, University of Portsmouth, University College London, University of Sussex, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Office of Science, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Division of Astronomical Sciences, High Energy Physics, Integrated Electronics Engineering Center, Binghamton University, Argonne National Laboratory, Fermilab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Awards: G1039895795, G1313983767, G1800429324, G1813527838, G272672434, Collaborative Research: RUI: Tracing Galaxy Quenching in the Cosmic Web With Spatially-Resolved Star-Formation Maps, G3204085874, RUI: Collaborative Research: The Effect of Filaments on the Gas in Galaxies, G387521742, G498139845, G5826275554, G6066813238, G6876926712, Management and Operations of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, G7406122311, G823181903, G8292014801, G969889393, G988696487
OpenAlex ID: W7207778698