Impact of genomic selection for disease resistance on the spread of infection in a simulated aquaculture population
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Background In aquaculture, selection for disease resistance is typically based on mortality records from challenge tests performed on relatives of selection candidates. However, commercial success depends on limiting disease transmission, particularly the incidence and severity of outbreaks. It remains unclear whether selecting for lower mortality also reduces disease transmission. Both these outcomes are influenced by three underlying epidemiological host traits: susceptibility, infectivity, and infection-induced mortality. This simulation study evaluated the impact of genomic selection against mortality on disease transmission in a salmon population exposed to a pathogen with a fast transmission rate. Methods Mortality was assumed to be recorded on sibs of selection candidate, either as binary dead/alive status or as time to death during cohabitation/bath challenge tests. Phenotypes were simulated using a stochastic compartmental Susceptible-Infected-Removed epidemiological model, with genetic variation for the three underlying traits. Scenarios were explored by varying the genetic correlations between the three underlying traits. Challenge test designs varied in the number of groups, group sizes, and family distribution across groups. For comparison, a reference scenario with direct selection on the underlying traits was included. Genomic selection was applied over 10 discrete generations, and its impact on disease transmission was assessed using the basic reproductive ratio (R 0 ). Results When selection was based on dead/alive status, R 0 was highly sensitive to both the genetic correlations between the three underlying traits and the challenge test design. In contrast, selection based on time to death consistently reduced R 0 across all scenarios (often to below 1 within four generations), regardless of trait correlations or test design. Selection on time to death primarily produced fish with reduced susceptibility to infection, while selection on dead/alive status produced fish with increased resistance and endurance to infection, delaying onset of infection or death without necessarily limiting transmission. Direct selection on the underlying epidemiological traits was the most efficient approach to reduce both mortality and transmission. Conclusions Genomic selection for disease resistance, when measured as time to death in cohabitation or bath challenge tests conducted until mortality naturally levels off, reduces both mortality and disease spread. Breeding programs may benefit from challenge test designs that enable estimation of genetic parameters for the underlying traits affecting disease transmission and survival.
Source: Genetics Selection Evolution
Language: English
Subfield: Genetics
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,390
Funders: Center for Strategic and International Studies, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, FP7 Coordination of Research Activities, FP7 Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Biotechnology
Awards: G1175115578, Prevention & Control of Infectious Diseases: Understanding the basis of host resistance, G172768159, G210041235, G2262748287, G2601397997, G300979063, Improving European aquaculture by advancing selective breeding to the next level for the six main finfish species, G3319965925, G34346518, G3480869486, G3544276159, G3681454997, G4042783231, G425668148, G430777504, G4693538193, G5080475149, Prevention & Control of Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and modelling, G7169023097, G7242374384, Mediterranean Aquaculture Integrated Development, G7379098218, G751615522, G7703542511, G8089423575
OpenAlex ID: W7211867905