Endogenous tracking reveals paralog-specific targets for phosphatidic acid generation during phospholipase C signaling in living cells
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an essential intermediate generated during phospholipase C (PLC) signaling, but its regulation is complex. PA can be generated by ten different diacylglycerol kinase paralogs (DGKs) and two different phospholipase D paralogs (PLDs) in mammals. Because these enzymes are activated under diverse conditions and at various membranes, understanding paralog-specific contributions to PA production is critical for therapeutic development of drugs that modulate the PLC pathway. To address this, we aimed to characterize the paralog specificity of the DGK inhibitors R59022 and BMS-502 against individual endogenously-tagged DGK paralogs in live cells. We found that R59022 and BMS-502 both recruited endogenous DGKα to the plasma membrane, and inhibited the catalytic fragment of DGKα when ectopically localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane. However, at its effective dose, R59022 paradoxically increased PA levels, while BMS-502 functioned as a potent inhibitor. Live-cell imaging experiments using BMS-502 with carbachol stimulation of endogenous muscarinic receptors showed that inhibition of both DGKα and the PLDs is needed to substantially reduce PA levels during PLC activation. Our findings both identify paralog-specific druggable targets for modulating PLC signaling events, and establish a new platform for characterizing DGK and PLD activity in living cells.
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,430
Awards: The roles of PLD and DGK isoforms in PIP2 homeostasis during PLC signaling, G8069761290, G9000227076, G9000336668, Chemical proteomic investigation of lipid kinase specificity and druggability, Defining and targeting substrate specificity of protein tyrosine phosphatases, Endocannabinoid Biosynthesis in Inflammation and Pain, Directing Membrane Function with Inositol Lipids in Health and Disease
OpenAlex ID: W7211878741