Cross-National Comparison of Hearing Difficulty, Social Activities, and Verbal Memory: United States, Mexico, and China
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This paper examines whether social activities mediate the association between hearing difficulty and cognitive function across contexts. Data come from the Health and Retirement Study (2012–2020), Mexican Health and Aging Study (2015–2021), and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2018). Weighted multilevel generalized models were used. Hearing difficulty was associated with lower verbal memory in each database while the MHAS showed a comparatively smaller effect (b HRS = −0.094, p < .001; b MHAS = −0.080, p < 0.01, and b CHARLS = −0.093, p < 0.001). These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for social activities. Hearing difficulty is associated with decreased social activities in HRS and CHARLS, but not in MHAS. Social activities partially mediate the hearing–verbal memory association in HRS and CHARLS, but not in MHAS, which highlights a non-uniform association between hearing difficulty, social activities, and cognition across contexts.
Source: Research on Aging
Authors: Chengming Han, Brian Downer, Rebeca Wong
Language: English
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7211879659