Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Nanotechnology is increasingly being integrated into sports clothing to enhance performance, durability, and physiological comfort. This review explores the various methods by which nanomaterials are incorporated into sports textiles. This includes nanofiber production via solution and melt electrospinning, and functional surface modifications using nanocoatings such as sol-gel, physical vapor deposition (PVD), and layer-by-layer (LbL) techniques. Each method offers distinct benefits depending on the polymer system, desired property, and application. For instance, solution electrospinning enables the formation of nanofibers with high surface area and porosity, suitable for moisture-wicking and breathability. On the other hand, melt electrospinning provides a solvent-free, scalable approach for embedding nanoparticles like TiO2 or silver directly into polymer matrices. Nanocoatings provide antimicrobial properties, UV protection, waterproofing, and temperature regulation through the use of nanoparticleenhanced surface treatments. Materials such as zinc oxide, silica, graphene, and hydroxyapatite are used to tailor the performance characteristics of garments for specific athletic environments. Applications range from antibacterial performance in polyamidebased garments to superhydrophobic outerwear using silica treatments. However, the same nanoscale properties that improve function also raise questions about long-term health and environmental safety. While many studies confirm the biocompatibility of common nanoparticles like ZnO and TiO2 under standard wear conditions, others raise concerns about dermal penetration and leaching during washing. This review emphasizes the need for lifecycle assessment and regulation to ensure performance gains do not compromise human or environmental health.
Source: ChemRxiv
Author: Anuraag Shaligram
Language: English
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7211890311