Machine learning-assisted paper-based chemiluminescent biosensing platform for rapid detection of hydrogen peroxide contaminant in milk
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a most commonly used milk adulterant. It is generally used to inhibit microbial growth and increase shelf life of the milk. Its strongly oxidative character makes it extremely dangerous to health upon oral intake, requiring sensitive, swift, and accurate detection methods. This work proposed an inexpensive paper-based chemiluminescence (CL) sensor for the quantitative detection of H 2 O 2 in milk, specifically, which realizes the necessity for real-time food safety analysis. The sensor takes advantage of the reaction between luminol, Cobalt (II) Chloride (CoCl 2 ) and H 2 O 2 under basic conditions, where the oxidant is H 2 O 2 , yields a measurable luminescence signal. The sensor was fabricated using Whatman grade-1 paper via wax-printed hydrophobic patterning and functionalized with luminol and (CoCl 2 ), the sensor is coupled with a dark chamber (black colored slot) specifically designed with 3D printing technique and integrated with an image capture system as camera interface with Raspberry Pi as processing element. The obtained luminescence signals are analyzed by a machine learning (ML) algorithm for accurate concentration prediction. ML can greatly improve biosensing to be more accurate, sensitive, and data-informed, and make a quick, reliable, and intelligent foretelling of biological objects. Combining ML, the designed sensor reflects excellent analytical characteristics and shows linearity within a concentration range of (40-150 nM) with a small detection threshold of 5.725 nM. The ML-aided system guarantees better predictive reliability, stability, reproducibility, and portability, which can be used to robustly detect food adulteration at the site using complex milk matrices. It’s simple, low cost and non-enzymatic in nature that emphasize on its great potential for routine monitoring of food adulteration and its expanded uses in public health protection.
Source: Sensors and Actuators A Physical
Institution: Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Language: English
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,750
OpenAlex ID: W7211910473