Work

NOX2-Driven Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Male Elite Adolescent Soccer Players

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Background: Intense physical exercise induces oxidative stress and inflammation in adult professional athletes, but data on adolescent elite athletes remain limited. Methods: 24 elite adolescent soccer players were recruited and evaluated three times: pre-season (T0), after one month (T1), and after the first half of the season (T2). Saliva samples were col-lected to measure oxidative stress and endothelial function. In vitro studies were per-formed on endothelial cells exposed to H₂O₂ concentrations observed in athletes. Results: Athletes showed a significant increase in oxidative stress markers (NOX2 and H₂O₂) at T1 and T2 versus T0. Endothelial dysfunction was evidenced by reduced total NO concentra-tion and elevated endothelin (ET1) levels. In vitro, endothelial cells exposed to H₂O₂ (8 µM) exhibited greater damage than untreated cells, as evidenced by increased NOX2 activation and ET1 levels. Finally, H₂O₂ (8 µM)-treated cells impaired tube formation, reducing mesh number and area. NOX2ds-tat treatment reduced cell damage and restored angiogenic capacity. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that adolescent elite athletes experience sig-nificant oxidative stress and endothelial impairment, potentially increasing cardiovascu-lar risk. These results underscore the importance of cardiovascular monitoring and the potential benefits of antioxidant strategies, even in young athletes participating in high-intensity sports.

Source: Biomolecules

DOI: 10.3390/biom16091301