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Watershed viability: A novel threshold-integrated pressure-state-response framework

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This study proposes a new framework to operationalize watershed viability by quantifying the buffer capacity of a watershed, which refers to the relative position of current conditions within the dynamic resilience and release thresholds. The framework has been developed in line with the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model and local indicators, enabling an actionable, diagnostic assessment for watershed managers. Accordingly, a new type of watershed viability is proposed, which uses a 10-point scale ranging from inviable to viable. It is operationalized using the PSR model and applied to the Shazand Watershed in Iran. Statistically refined key criteria were determined using field surveys and normalized criteria to identify dynamic resilience and release thresholds. The viability index was then calculated by comparing the prevailing conditions to these thresholds. Findings showed that the mean viability index of the Shazand Watershed is 43.46% (±6.58%), indicating moderate viability with a negative trend. The industrial area (7.85%), specific sediment yield (9.32%), and employment ratio (14.13%) were the most important contributing variables to the P, S, and R indices, respectively. Sub-watersheds 10 and 11 were top-prioritized for being closest to their release thresholds. The research concludes that the viability measure provides essential and practical insights for managers to direct their interventions, prevent further degradation, and focus on restoring the ecosystem, especially in watersheds under significant anthropogenic strains.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115440
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,650
OpenAlex ID: W7212167540
FWCI:
Cites: 63
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Related to: 10