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Artificial Intelligence (AI) Can't Feel Me: Lower Perceived AI Perspective–Taking Impedes Human–AI Cooperation

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: ABSTRACT As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly autonomous, its interactions with humans increasingly resemble social relationships, giving rise to a novel form of cooperation—human–AI teaming. Drawing on social cognition theory, the present research examines how individuals’ perceived AI perspective–taking shapes their willingness to cooperate. Across five studies, we find that individuals are generally reluctant to cooperate with AI possessing partial decision‐making authority (Studies 1 and 2), and this reluctance is shaped by perceived AI perspective‐taking (Studies 3 and 4). When AI agents appear to accurately—or even slightly overestimate—the thoughts and feelings of individuals experiencing unfair situations, perceived AI perspective–taking increases, thereby enhancing their willingness to cooperate with AI (Study 5). These findings extend perspective–taking research from human–human to human–AI contexts, highlighting that cooperation with AI depends not only on instrumental outcomes but also on social–cognitive inferences about being understood, and suggesting that psychologically anthropomorphic design may foster more effective human–AI interaction.

Source: European Journal of Social Psychology

DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.70112

Authors: Xuyao Wu, Ye Li, Ruining Wang, Man Hai

Institutions: Yangtze University, Central China Normal University, Hubei University of Medicine

Language: English

Topic: Social Robot Interaction and HRI

Subfield: Social Psychology

Field: Psychology

Domain: Social Sciences

Open Access status: bronze

Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Yangtze University

Award: G3422756100