Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Precision agriculture requires timely information on spatial variations in soil and environmental conditions to improve irrigation efficiency and crop productivity. This paper presents a low-cost satellite positioning-based precision irrigation and crop health monitoring system using an ESP32 microcontroller, soil-moisture sensor, DHT22 temperature and relative-humidity sensor, light-intensity sensor, NPK sensor, pH sensor, and NEO-6 GPS receiver. The system acquires soil, environmental, nutrient, and positional data and associates each measurement with its geographical coordinates. Soil moisture is used as the primary parameter for irrigation control, while temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, NPK, and pH provide supplementary indicators of crop and soil conditions. The GPS receiver enables spatial tagging of measurements for location-specific field monitoring and irrigation decisions. The results demonstrate sensor-based irrigation operation, spatial variability in field conditions, GPS positioning within approximately 3–5 m under open-sky conditions, and 29.3% reduction in water consumption compared with fixed-time irrigation. The proposed system provides a low-cost platform for spatially informed irrigation and crop-condition monitoring, with potential application in small- and medium-scale agricultural fields.
Institution: National Space Research and Development Agency
Language: English
Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7213362841