Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Let $S(T)$ denote the adjacency spectral center of a tree $T$, and let $C(T)$ be its characteristic set. We determine the maximum possible distance $Δ_n:=\max_{|V(T)|=n}\operatorname{dist}_T(S(T),C(T))$ for every $n\ge 3$. It turns out that $Δ_n=0$ for $3\le n\le 11$, that $Δ_{12}=1$, and that $Δ_n=\left\lfloor\frac{n-11}{2}\right\rfloor (n\ge 13)$. More generally, if the two sets are at distance $d\ge 2$, then the branch issuing from a closest vertex of $S(T)$ in the direction of $C(T)$ contains at least $2d+5$ vertices, while the complementary part of the tree contains at least $6$. We also establish structural restrictions in the equality case and completely classify the extremal trees of every odd order $n\ge 17$: there are exactly four nonisomorphic extremal trees, consisting of two brooms and two double brooms. Our proofs exploit the opposite extremal behaviour of paths for the adjacency spectral radius and for the bottleneck Perron value.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Zhu, Chaochao, Hu, Shipei, Huang, Jingfu, Yue, Qin
Institution: West Anhui University
Language: English
Subfield: Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: Anhui University, West Anhui University
OpenAlex ID: W7213391292