An exploratory factor analysis of Telugu versions of the WHO well-being index, the UCLA-loneliness scale and the perceived criticism scale in caregivers of schizophrenia patients
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: The lack of locally validated instruments hinders proper evaluation and management of caregiver burden. Aim: To perform an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of Telugu-translated scales assessing psychological factors related to caregiver burden. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at three sites: Among 100 caregivers of schizophrenia patients using Telugu-translated versions of the WHO Well-being Index (WHO WBI), the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS), and the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS). EFA was used to identify the factor structure. Results: Principal component analysis revealed that the items of the scales- WHO-WBI, ULS, and PCS were significantly loaded on one factor each, with eigenvalues of 3.810, 2.504, and 2.105, respectively, and the substantive factors represent "mood", "loneliness", and "criticism", respectively. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.9 for WHO-WBI and ULS, and 0.78 for PCS, indicating an acceptable level of internal consistency. Conclusion: Telugu versions of WHO-WBI, ULS, and PCS hold fair-to-good structural validity and internal consistency.
Source: Indian Journal of Psychiatry
Language: English
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7213457681