Work

Integrated systems modelling with aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES): A critical review from groundwater resources to energy market services

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) is a coupling technology that links groundwater resources to energy market services while integrating thermal and electrical power vectors. Existing modelling studies have a tendency towards techno-economic analysis of ATES as a stand-alone storage service, with many focussing on the sensitivity of storage efficiency to thermo-hydraulic physical properties and operational controls. Beginning with a comprehensive review of existing modelling approaches, this review paper offers a strategic framing of ATES within broader analysis frameworks. It was found that few studies have included ATES within integrated modelling frameworks or studied ATES within multi-vector energy systems. To date there appears to be no detailed modelling of ATES within established open-source energy systems modelling frameworks, potentially limiting its inclusion in local or regional energy plans. Integrating ATES within such frameworks presents an opportunity to optimise storage controls in response to electricity prices, standardise techno-economic analysis, and improve the transparency of modelling results. The range of groundwater uses, particularly in urban contexts, should also incentivise ATES analysis that extends beyond techno-economic modelling to consider broader frameworks for land-use planning and analysis of socio-ecological systems.

Source: Journal of Energy Storage

DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.124076

Authors: William Nibbs, Gioia Falcone

Institution: University of Glasgow

Language: English

Topic: Integrated Energy Systems Optimization

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Clean water and sanitation, Sustainable cities and communities, Climate action

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,560