Klasik Ksantenlerin Ötesinde: Yakın Kızılötesi Teranostik Foto-Duyarlaştırıcılar İçin Özgün Bir Moleküler Tasarım
Year: 2026
Type: dissertation
Abstract: Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to treat today. Photodynamic therapy began to gain popularity owing to its less invasive nature, fewer side effects and selectivity compared to traditional treatment approaches. Nevertheless, despite a lot of benefits, fluorescent dyes still have a limitation due to the limited penetration depth of light applied. Hybrid xanthene dyes attracted scientists’ attention owing to their high quantum yield, high photostability and structural flexibility to reach the near-infrared (NIR) region. In this study, various phosphorus-containing hybrid xanthene dyes (PCO, PNO and APNO) were designed and synthesized in order to improve their photophysical characteristics. Theoretical calculations predicted absorption maxima at 648 nm for PCO, 734 nm for PNO, and 730 nm for APNO. Synthesis of PCO, which has a p-tolyl at 10th position, could not be completed yet. While the phosphorus bridge was formed, high intermediate reactivity hindered the carbonyl formation step. PNO was synthesized until the last stage, but oxidation could not be carried out. To overcome this problem, bromine-containing analog PNO-Br was synthesized for PDT application with its final oxidation studies currently ongoing. APNO differs from the other dyes by its asymmetric donor arrangement. Preliminary oxidation of APNO under basic conditions showed an absorption maximum of 716 nm, but the final product was not verified due to stability issues. To further improve this scaffold, a brominated analog, APNO-Br, was also synthesized up to the demethylation step. Finally, an NQO-1 enzyme-activatable cage was successfully prepared.
Author: Nas, Zeynep
Language: English
Subfield: Cancer Research
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7213485861