Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: We establish the eventual monotonicity of the Willmore deficit \( \int_ΣH^2\,dμ-16π\) along the mean curvature flow of smooth closed embedded strictly convex surfaces in \( \mathbb R^3 \), thereby complementing Huisken's exponential convergence with an eventual monotonicity property. As a consequence, the Hawking mass is eventually nondecreasing along the contracting mean curvature flow, in contrast with the usual inclusion monotonicity expected of the Hawking mass. We also discuss totally umbilical solutions in three-dimensional space forms, where the monotonicity directions of the Willmore energy and the Hawking mass depend on the sign of the ambient sectional curvature.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Chen, Yuyue, Wu, Shiying
Institutions: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Guangxi University
Language: English
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7213499688