Climate-Smart Agriculture Package Combinations and Household Food and Nutrition Security among Smallholder Farmers in Southwestern Ethiopia
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) may contribute to household food and nutrition security, but the outcomes associated with combinations of CSA practices can vary across households. This study examined the relationship between alternative CSA practice packages and household food and nutrition security among smallholder farmers in southwestern Ethiopia. Data were collected from 384 farm households and analyzed using a Multinomial Logit model and a Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression framework. CSA adoption was classified into six mutually exclusive regimes based on crop management (CRM), soil nutrient management (SNM), and agroforestry (AF). Food Consumption Score (FCS) and Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) were used as complementary indicators of household food and nutrition security. The results show substantial heterogeneity in adoption patterns and household characteristics across CSA regimes. The full CRM + SNM+AF package was the most common adoption regime (39.84%), while 14.06% of households did not adopt any of the three CSA domains. Access to CSA information, training, extension services, credit, education, and farm resources was associated with the selection of several CSA packages. The MESR results indicate positive and statistically significant ATT estimates for both FCS and HDDS across all observed adoption regimes, while ATU estimates varied across packages for FCS but were positive for HDDS. These findings highlight heterogeneous model-based counterfactual differences across CSA packages and household groups. Strengthening CSA training, extension, information, credit access, and locally appropriate integrated CSA interventions may help address adoption constraints and support household food and nutrition security.
Source: Research Square
Author: Tesfaye Gafaro Ololo
Language: English
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7213535845