Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: We construct bosonic stars in the Einstein-Weinberg-Salam theory, namely the bosonic sector of the electroweak Standard Model minimally coupled to Einstein's theory of gravity. These configurations are everywhere regular, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat, consisting of a static condensate of the massive $W$ and $Z$ bosons, whose masses arise from the Higgs mechanism. Although the corresponding fields exist in nature, gravitational effects are negligible at the physical electroweak scale and the configurations would be microscopic. Keeping Newton's constant and the electroweak mass ratios at their physical values, we therefore interpret the model as the bosonic sector of a \textit{dark} electroweak theory with a radically different energy scale. Choosing the ultralight vector boson mass $m_{\mathrm{W}}c^{2}=8.7\times10^{-13}\,$eV, as suggested by the Proca star interpretation of GW190521, our bosonic stars can attain masses in the intermediate-mass black hole range.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Institutions: Université de Tours, University of Aveiro
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Award: G6860758386
OpenAlex ID: W7213585995
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