Internalized Stigma and Its Associations with General and Family Functioning in Patients with Bipolar Disorder
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Objective: This study explored associations between internalized stigma, overall functioning, and family dynamics in individuals with bipolar disorder during remission. Methods: Eighty-four adults with bipolar I disorder followed at a specialized clinic were included. Internalized stigma, general functioning, and family functioning were measured with the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, the Functioning Assessment Short Test, and the Family Assessment Device. Results: Most demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, gender, illness duration, and number of episodes, were not significantly associated with internalized stigma. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale scores differed according to employment status and alcohol use. Poorer family functioning correlated with greater internalized stigma (r = 0.314, p = 0.005). In the exploratory regression model, poorer family functioning was significantly associated with higher internalized stigma (B = 9.779, 95% CI: 3.07–16.48). Conclusion: Family functioning may be an important psychosocial correlate of internalized stigma in individuals with bipolar disorder in remission. Incorporating family-based assessments and interventions into treatment may help reduce self-stigma and support long-term recovery.
DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1887740
Language: Turkish
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7213666864