Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: It is well known that in (2+1)-dimensional general relativity, black hole solutions exist only in the anti-de Sitter case--the so-called Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole. In this letter, we construct, for the first time, three independent LQG-inspired frameworks for (2+1)-dimensional black holes: the $\barμ$-scheme holonomy corrections, the quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse, and a covariant effective model. Remarkably, all three approaches yield the same qualitative picture: when LQG-inspired corrections are included, we find three distinct types of solutions corresponding to asymptotically flat, anti-de Sitter, and de Sitter geometries. Our results demonstrate that the asymmetry between classical (2+1)-dimensional and (3+1)-dimensional solutions is eliminated upon incorporating effective quantum gravity effects.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Shi, Zijian, Zhang, Xiangdong
Institution: South China University of Technology
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Award: G4798399350
OpenAlex ID: W7214010371