Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: ABSTRACT The evolutionary origins of cognitive monitoring remain contested. Metacognition, the capacity to monitor one’s own cognitive states, has long been linked to complex vertebrate brains, yet whether a miniature brain can evaluate the reliability of its internal representations is unknown. Here we demonstrate that bumble bees engage in uncertainty-guided decision-making. Bees dynamically adjusted opt-out choices according to perceptual difficulty, settling for a smaller guaranteed reward to avoid errors, and actively paid a reward cost to seek information under uncertainty. Without any retraining, bees transferred this ‘opt-out-under-uncertainty’ rule to novel tactile and working-memory tasks under an all-probe design. This strategy was stable across individuals and accurately captured by a confidence-based decision model. Our findings suggest that a brain of approximately one million neurons can support an abstract domain-general uncertainty-monitoring policy, indicating that the neural substrates for uncertainty-guided decision-making may be far more ancient and widely distributed than previously assumed.
Language: English
Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7214039924