Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment recently reported a nuclear-recoil-like candidate at $E_R=248\pm23_{\rm stat}\pm23_{\rm sys}$ keV. We show that such an energetic recoil can arise from the elastic form factor of composite dark matter, without invoking an inelastic mass splitting or a boosted population. A neutral baryon of $N$ dark quarks can have a charge form factor that is suppressed at low momentum transfer but recovers at higher momentum transfer, providing a momentum-space band-pass filter. Modeling the form factor with one Gaussian per charged constituent species, we prove that two terms cannot produce a hard recoil spectrum and find that three yield too few events in the LZ signal window, while four suffice. A confining $SU(4)_D\times U(1)_D$ gauge theory provides a concrete realization through a neutral bosonic baryon made of four dark quarks. For a 200 GeV benchmark normalized to one accepted event, we predict approximately 1.5 true recoils beyond the current LZ region of interest. The form factor also produces diffraction nodes at fixed momentum transfers, placing them at recoil energies that scale as $1/m_A$ across target nuclei.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Jung, Hyunjoo, Park, Seong Chan
Institutions: Yonsei University, Korea Institute for Advanced Study
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7214116327