Work

Young plasma-derived exosomes deliver YOD1 to induce M2 polarization and ameliorate osteoporosis via mTOR signaling pathways

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: (LSK) cell population. YOD1 was identified as a key effector in Y-Exos and was downregulated with aging. Mechanistically, Y-Exos delivered YOD1 to activate mTOR in BMMs, driving M2 polarization, and to BMSCs, promoting osteogenesis via Hippo signaling. In conclusion, Y-Exos deliver YOD1 to induce M2 macrophage polarization through mTOR activation and enhance osteogenesis via Hippo signaling, thereby improving the bone immune microenvironment and effectively ameliorating osteoporosis. These findings reveal a new immunomodulatory mechanism and provide an experimental basis for Y-Exos-based therapy in osteoporosis.

Source: International Journal of Biological Sciences

DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.138620