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External Lightning Environment Considerations for eVTOL Aircraft

Year: 2026
Type: conference-paper
Abstract: This study reviews the foundational aircraft lightning environment and evaluates potential amendments applicable to eVTOL aircraft. SAE ARP5412 specifies the external lightning environment for aircraft certification, establishing a 200 kA Component A test waveform and other characteristics derived from ground-based tower strike data. While this standard successfully maintains aviation safety, probability statistics regarding aircraft dimensions, flight profiles, and Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) avoidance measures suggest its requirements may be overly conservative for eVTOLs. Furthermore, this paper examines the correlation between smaller vehicle size and reduced strike frequency—a relationship already leveraged in FAA Policy Statement ACE-23-10 to simplify lightning compliance for the type certification of Part 23 aircraft. Given that over 90% of strikes are aircraft-triggered rather than naturally intercepted, this research explores the primary factors influencing the rate and amplitude of these lightning events, identifying areas where further investigation is needed to accurately quantify strike severity. Finally, it reviews the potential to significantly reduce or even eliminate strikes through active lightning avoidance in AAM airspace. By synthesizing the variables that dictate lightning encounters for small, low-flying eVTOLs, this research aims to improve hazard management and overall safety. Ultimately, if these factors can be comprehensively understood, optimally managed, and corroborated by field data, a strong case can be made for defining a reduced-severity lightning environment and adopting a simplified compliance approach for eVTOL aircraft.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23014590
Language: English
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7214777541
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