Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Reducing the energy cost of computation-a pressing issue in the age of AI-requires a framework for circuit design based on information thermodynamics. By extending non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to information thermodynamics, it has been shown that a probability flow carrying information-hereinafter referred to as an 'information current'-is driven by its conjugate thermodynamic force, namely 'information affinity'. Since information affinity plays a role analogous to that of voltage in an electrical circuit, it is suggested that information transport also follows a linear response relationship analogous to Ohm's law. However, despite this theoretical prediction, experimentally establishing an Ohm-like constitutive relation for information transport remains an important unsolved problem. Here, we realise an information engine consisting of two magnetic skyrmions undergoing Brownian motion at room temperature. We demonstrate that the resulting information current is proportional to the information affinity generated by Maxwell's demon over a relatively wide range, establishing Ohm's law for information. Furthermore, we clarify that, in real information circuits, both Ohm's law for information and Kirchhoff's voltage law must be slightly modified to account for interactions between information carriers and the scattering of the information current.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Institutions: Tohoku University, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, The University of Osaka, Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, Research Institute for Hybrid Functional Integration, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Institute for Chemical Research, Tokyo University of Science, Center for Spintronics Research Network, Osaka University, International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart, Tohoku University
Language: English
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7214912946