Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: MXenes have attracted significant attention as advanced 2D materials for water treatment, but previous assessments have been largely descriptive and have not adequately compared material types, manufacturing strategies, and practical performance. This paper aims to evaluate MXene-based membranes in terms of composition, surface chemistry, interlayer engineering and membrane design and to relate properties to water flux, rejection efficiency, adsorption capacity, antifouling behaviour and stability. Our goal is not to provide general summaries, but to highlight the critical points that will guide MXenes from laboratory demonstrations to real-world applications in water purification. This review also addresses major challenges including oxidation, restacking, swelling, mechanical fragility, scalability and environmental safety. Such a contrast between existing gaps and present advances provides a more lucid basis for the selection and design of MXene membranes in sustainable water treatment applications.
Institutions: University of Baghdad, Scientific Research Commission
Language: English
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Funder: University of Baghdad
OpenAlex ID: W7214944446