On Equivalent Dynamic Damping of Power Synchronization Control for Grid-Forming Converters Considering Transient Stability
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Power synchronization control (PSC) has become a primary synchronization method for grid-forming (GFM) converters. However, the mechanism on how different PSC damping implementations affect the transient stability of GFM systems remains insufficiently understood. As such, this paper provides a comparative characterization of the equivalent damping of three representative second-order PSC schemes, namely low-pass-filter (LPF)-, proportional-integral (PI)-, and lead-lag (LL)-types, and reveals the distinct roles of damping paths in transient synchronization. Specifically, the feedback damping path contributes with a constant positive damping torque throughout the synchronization process, whereas the feedforward damping path introduces an equivalent dynamic damping governed by the power-angle relationship. More importantly, the dynamic damping may become weak or even negative in certain power-angle regions, leading to a loss of synchronization. In addition, the impacts of current limiting (CL) and grid impedance on the equivalent dynamic damping are also characterized and analyzed. Experimental tests validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Institutions: Zhejiang University, Aalborg University
Language: English
Subfield: Control and Systems Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7215049087