Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: We show that every irreducible linear differential equations on the Riemann sphere with regular and/or unramified irregular singularities can be transformed into either the trivial equation or a Fuchsian system of $E_8$-fundamental spectral type by a sequence of invertible transformations consisting of confluences, unfoldings, Laplace transformations, gauge transformations and Möbius transformations. The $E_8$-spectral type is uniquely determined by the original equation. A Fuchsian system of $E_8$-fundamental spectral type has three singular points, 0, 1, and $\infty$. The degrees of the minimal polynomials of the residue matrices at 0 and 1 are two and three, respectively, and the sum of the maximal dimensions of eigenspaces of the three residue matrices is not greater than the size of the matrices. The result follows from the correspondence between spectral types of Fuchsian systems and roots of a star-shaped Kac-Moody root system.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Author: Oshima, Toshio
Language: English
Topic: Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7215093406