Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Neutrino telescopes observe neutrinos through the muons produced by charged-current interactions. Most of those muons are born kilometers outside the detector, and how much energy they lose on the way is stochastic. We show that we can compute analytically the distance a muon travels before it falls below the detection threshold, while describing the statistical properties of its losses. Our result reproduces Monte Carlo propagation to within $3\%$, and with two parameters per detector it matches the effective areas published by IceCube, KM3NeT/ARCA, and P-ONE to about $1\%$. We then show how this model can be used in point-source sensitivities, energy reconstruction, and consistency checks between detectors. The calculation disentangles muon-transport physics from a detector's response, so a new detector or loss model can be quickly benchmarked.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Author: Meighen-Berger, Stephan A.
Institution: University of Iowa
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7215130649