Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Hypertriglyceridemia is a highly prevalent metabolic disease worldwide. Its etiology is linked to genetic alterations or secondary to metabolic disorders or drugs. Acute pancreatitis is the best-known complication due to its high morbidity and mortality, and its association with increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) has also been described in recent years. This review compiled the advances published in the last 5 years regarding nutritional and pharmacological management in patients over 18 years with HTG. Existing dietary recommendations have proven efficacy, so the studies focused on this area were a few; However, effectiveness has been demonstrated with low-fructose diets and intermittent caloric restriction. There were no drugs that exceeded the efficacy of statins, being the treatment of choice for patients with hypertriglyceridemia and high CVR. Statins combined therapy with omega 3 showed better lipid-lowering effects and, in some studies, reduced residual CVR, compared to statin monotherapy. Despite this, the evidence regarding the reduction in the risk of major cardiovascular events with omega 3 is controversial. The efficacy of fibrates in preventing cardiovascular outcomes was not as conclusive, being management alternatives in patients with mild-moderate HTG with low CVR and also as combination therapy in persistent HTG despite statins. Various drugs under study, such as PPAR-α/γ dual agonists, ketohexokinase inhibitors, and fibroblast growth factor 21 analogues, showed promising TG-lowering effects and other associated metabolic effects, such as reduced insulin resistance and obesity, but requires more research and affordable costs for its eventual use in local primary care.
Institution: Universidad San Sebastián
Language: Spanish
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7215308926