Embedded layer with piezoelectric sensors for impact damage evaluation in composite structures
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: ABSTRACT This work presents an embeddable monitoring layer (EML) incorporating a printed electrical circuit and a piezoelectric sensor for impact damage detection in fibre-reinforced polymer composites. This approach combines a thin sensing layer with a substrate from the same polymer that is used in the matrix of the host composite. The aim was to improve interlaminar compatibility between the EML substrate and matrix whilst minimising its influence on the structural performance of the composite. Preliminary tests were conducted on glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates with an EML based on a PI film to assess the quality of the signal acquired by the data acquisition system. The composites were subjected to low-velocity impacts between 2.5 and 15 J, and damage detection was performed using the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method, with the resulting signatures characterised using statistical metrics. Subsequently, home-made epoxy films were manufactured as substrate for the EML and incorporated into carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates based on the same epoxy resin system. The samples were impacted at 2.5 and 5 J, with the results demonstrating that the embedded sensor remained functional after impact and could detecting impact-induced structural changes. It was demonstrated that the incorporation of the new EML did not adversely affect the impact behaviour of the CFRP laminates, conversely to what occurs with PI substrates. Instead, maximum deformation decreased by approximately 6.4-6.9%, whilst absorbed energy increased by 22.0-32.1% compared with equivalent bulk laminates. These results demonstrate the potential of epoxy-based EMLs for integrated structural health monitoring of composite structures.
Source: Composites Part B Engineering
Authors: J. Correia, J.P. Nunes, J.C. Viana
Institution: University of Minho
Language: English
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $5,210
OpenAlex ID: W7216089176