Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Metals are the oldest known toxins that harm humans and the environment. Some metals have bio-importance as trace elements, and the bio-toxic effects on humans are of greater concern. Heavy metals are known for their high atomic mass and toxicity in living organisms. Heavy metals become toxic by mixing in different environmental sources such as water, air, and soil. Heavy metals such as Arsenic, Lead, Zinc, Mercury, Cadmium, Copper, and Iron get exposed to humans through inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact, leading to accumulation in tissues and organs. The toxicological effect of heavy metals comprises a wide range of physiological systems, including the nervous, renal, hepatic, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems. They are primarily associated with inducing oxidative stress, disrupting cellular functions, and interfering with biochemical processes. Children, Pregnant women, and Occupational workers are particularly affected to the adverse effects of heavy metals. Due to the toxicity of heavy metals, there is a metal poisoning that has forensic importance to determine the cause of it, acute or chronic exposure, manner of poisoning, and hence awareness regarding the toxicity of heavy metals in humans. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the toxicity of heavy metals and their toxicological effects in humans.
Source: Journal of chemical health risks
Author: Shaile Thakur
Institution: Parul University
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7217555804