The Associations of Self-Determination and Cognitive Engagement with Vocational Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in a Gamified Learning Environment
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: A substantial body of previous research has examined gamification in educational settings, particularly its associations with selfdetermination, cognitive engagement, and critical thinking skills.However, there remain limitations in the analysis of gamification in relation to these constructs within vocational education.Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationships among selfdetermination, cognitive engagement, and critical thinking skills in a learning process that incorporates gamification elements.A total of 309 students participated in this research and provided the data.The analysis was carried out using SmartPLS 3, applying Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA).Based on the analytical results, there is a positive and significant relationship between self-determination and cognitive engagement.Furthermore, self-determination and cognitive engagement were positively associated with critical thinking skills.However, this study has limitations that should be acknowledged, as the data were obtained through self-report measures, which are subject to subjectivity and potential response bias.Therefore, future research is recommended to strengthen methodological rigor, both in terms of data collection and research approach, such as through qualitative studies and mixed-method designs.
Institutions: Universitas Negeri Padang, De Montfort University
Language: English
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
SDG: Quality education
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7217802237