Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Evolving Management - A Narrative Review
Year: 2026
Type: review
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. It causes recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep. These events produce intermittent hypoxaemia and sleep fragmentation. Nearly one billion adults worldwide are estimated to have OSA. However, a large proportion of cases remain undiagnosed. This narrative review summarizes recent evidence on OSA pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, complications, and treatment. It also discusses advances in polysomnography, home sleep apnea testing, oral appliances, hypoglossal nerve stimulation, weight management, and emerging pharmacotherapy. This review integrates current evidence to support early diagnosis, individualized treatment, and improved long-term patient outcomes.
Source: Journal of chemical health risks
Author: Priyanka Roy Ballav
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology (medical)
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7218038870